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AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING SHOW DIVERGENT ASSOCIATIONS WITH INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND SHORT-TERM GLYCEMIC EXPOSURE IN PREDIABETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2026-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING SHOW DIVERGENT ASSOCIATIONS WITH INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND SHORT-TERM GLYCEMIC EXPOSURE IN PREDIABETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Authors: Abrar Ghalib1, Alaa Mohammed Mahmoud Qasem; Abdelgadir Elamin, Ahmed L. Osman; Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan, Ellen Safadi; Gulandom Shodikulova, Ikromi Turakhon Sharbat; Bobokalonzoda Jamoliddin Murodali, Namoz Mavlonov Xalimovich; Maxmudjon Butaboyev, Marwan Ismail Abstract: ackground: Prediabetes is a reversible condition where lifestyle changes can prevent type 2 diabetes. While physical activity is crucial for management, traditional glycemic markers like HbA1c may not adequately reflect short-term exercise effects. Serum fructosamine, indicating average blood sugar levels over 1-3 weeks, is a more responsive biomarker but is under-researched in prediabetic populations, especially in the Gulf region. Aim: To evaluate the association between regular physical activity and short-term glycemic control, indexed by serum fructosamine, in adults with prediabetes, and to examine whether exercise modality (aerobic, resistance, or combined) differentially influences short-term and long-term glycemic indices, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study at Thumbay Hospital and Thumbay Laboratories in Ajman, UAE, was conducted from November 2025 to April 2026, involving 78 adults aged 18–65 with prediabetes. Participants were stratified by physical activity levels using the IPAQ-SF. Various measurements, including anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum fructosamine, were taken under standardized conditions. The Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) was calculated based on the difference between observed and predicted HbA1c levels. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests for between-group comparisons and Spearman's coefficient for correlations, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The study described a predominantly male (73.1%) and middle-aged cohort, with 82.1% classified as overweight or obese. Participants were 44.9% active and 55.1% sedentary, with no significant differences in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, fructosamine, or BMI between the two groups. Within the active subgroup, aerobic exercisers (n = 13) had the lowest median BMI (25.7 kg/m²) and fasting insulin but the highest fructosamine levels. However, these differences diminished in multivariable regression models, indicating that male sex and BMI were key determinants of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Sedentary status was linked to higher HbA1c, while age correlated with higher fructosamine. Conclusions: Self-reported physical activity did not affect glycemic outcomes in prediabetics, probably owing to misclassification and limited exercise benefits. Despite the short sample size, exploratory analysis suggested that aerobic exercise may improve insulin sensitivity and body composition while resistance training may improve glycemic exposure. Combining exercise may be beneficial, requiring additional study. In equivocal HbA1c findings, short-term glycemic indicators are important, but the absence of serum albumin measurement and albumin adjustment for fructosamine in exercise group comparisons limits interpretations. Keywords. Prediabetes, physical activity, exercise modality, fructosamine, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hemoglobin glycation index, short-term glycemic control, United Arab Emirates.

Physical Activity, Myokine–Adipokine Signatures and Haemoglobin Glycation Index in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2026-06-06T00:00:00Z

Title: Physical Activity, Myokine–Adipokine Signatures and Haemoglobin Glycation Index in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Authors: Marwan Ismail; Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan; Akhtamova Shahzoda Fozilovna; Namoz Xalimovich Mavlonov; Nuriddin Nuritdinov; Elmotaz Abdelfatah Abstract: Background: The Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) reflects variability in hemoglobin glycation beyond ambient glycaemia and is a marker of metabolic heterogeneity, cardiovascular risk and treatment response in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether circulating myokines and adipokines are related to HGI, or whether relationships differ across exercise modalities, is unclear. Objective: To examine associations of circulating myokines (irisin, myostatin, myonectin, IL-6, IL-15) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) with HGI, and whether associations differ between physically active and sedentary individuals and across exercise modalities. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 185 adults with T2DM recruited at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates, classified as physically active (n=98) or sedentary (n=87), with active individuals sub-grouped by predominant modality: aerobic (70), resistance (11), combined (17). Measurements were obtained after an overnight fast. HGI was calculated as the residual of HbA1c regressed on fasting plasma glucose. Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlations with false discovery rate (FDR) correction and median regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI and fasting glucose were used. Results: Active participants had lower HGI than sedentary participants (median −0.44 vs 0.12; p = 0.001), with lower BMI, fasting glucose and HbA1c. HGI differed by modality (p < 0.001), most favourable in the combined-training group and least favourable in the aerobic-only group. IL-6 was inversely correlated with HGI in active participants and leptin in sedentary participants (both FDR p < 0.05). Physical activity remained an independent predictor of lower HGI after adjustment for age, sex and BMI (β = −0.65;p< 0.001), and persisted after adjustment for IL-15 and leptin. Conclusion: Precludes causal inference; if confirmed prospectively, associations may inform individualized exercise prescription and HGI-based risk stratification. Distinct myokine–adipokine signatures were associated with glycation variability beyond mean glycaemia and combined aerobic- plus-resistance training with the most favourable HGI profile. The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference; if confirmed prospectively, associations may inform individualized exercise prescription and HGI-based risk stratification. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, hemoglobin glycation index, myokines, adipokines, exercise modality Description: Background: The Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) reflects variability in hemoglobin glycation beyond ambient glycaemia and is a marker of metabolic heterogeneity, cardiovascular risk and treatment response in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether circulating myokines and adipokines are related to HGI, or whether relationships differ across exercise modalities, is unclear. Objective: To examine associations of circulating myokines (irisin, myostatin, myonectin, IL-6, IL-15) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) with HGI, and whether associations differ between physically active and sedentary individuals and across exercise modalities. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 185 adults with T2DM recruited at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates, classified as physically active (n=98) or sedentary (n=87), with active individuals sub-grouped by predominant modality: aerobic (70), resistance (11), combined (17). Measurements were obtained after an overnight fast. HGI was calculated as the residual of HbA1c regressed on fasting plasma glucose. Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlations with false discovery rate (FDR) correction and median regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI and fasting glucose were used. Results: Active participants had lower HGI than sedentary participants (median −0.44 vs 0.12; p = 0.001), with lower BMI, fasting glucose and HbA1c. HGI differed by modality (p < 0.001), most favourable in the combined-training group and least favourable in the aerobic-only group. IL-6 was inversely correlated with HGI in active participants and leptin in sedentary participants (both FDR p < 0.05). Physical activity remained an independent predictor of lower HGI after adjustment for age, sex and BMI (β = −0.65;p< 0.001), and persisted after adjustment for IL-15 and leptin. Conclusion: Precludes causal inference; if confirmed prospectively, associations may inform individualized exercise prescription and HGI-based risk stratification. Distinct myokine–adipokine signatures were associated with glycation variability beyond mean glycaemia and combined aerobic- plus-resistance training with the most favourable HGI profile. The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference; if confirmed prospectively, associations may inform individualized exercise prescription and HGI-based risk stratification. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, hemoglobin glycation index, myokines, adipokines, exercise modality

Platelet Parameters Assessment among Sudanese Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia Attending Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital

2021-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Platelet Parameters Assessment among Sudanese Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia Attending Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital Authors: Ejlal Omer FadlElseed; Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed; Aboagala Mustafa Mohamed; Muatez Ibrahim Hassan; Albadawi Abdebagi Talha Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is considered as one of the major health problems associated with pregnancy and one of the causes of maternal mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia associated with platelets activation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the platelets parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Design and Methods: This is a case-control laboratory based study carried out in Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan from January to November 2020. A total of 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia as cases (32.20 ± 3.21 years) and 50 normotensive pregnant women as controls (30.68 ± 2.85 years) were participated in this study. Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from all participants in K3 EDTA containers. platelets parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) were determined using Mindray BC 3000 Automated Hematology Analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS computer program (version 22). Results: The study results showed that the thrombocytopenia account for 56 %, all cases with low PCT (100%). Furthermore the means of PLTs count, PCT and PDW in cases were (144.40 ± 31.80 × 109/L, 0.13 ± 0.03 % and 15.80 ± 0.45 fl respectively) versus controls (269.40 ± 72.50 × 109/L, 0.22 ± 0.05 % and 15.50 ± 0.29 fl respectively), giving statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000, 0.003 and 0.022 respectively). The mean of PCT of mild cases was lower than severe cases (P value = 0.004); but there were no significant differences in PLTs count, MPV and PDW (P value = 0.379, 0.283 and 0.075 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that platelet count (PLTs count) and plateletcrit (PCT) were significantly decreased in pregnant women with preeclampsia especially; so platelets parameters especially (PLTs count and PCT) should be included for assessing and predication of the risk of severe preeclampsia. Description: Background: Preeclampsia is considered as one of the major health problems associated with pregnancy and one of the causes of maternal mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia associated with platelets activation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the platelets parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Design and Methods: This is a case-control laboratory based study carried out in Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan from January to November 2020. A total of 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia as cases (32.20 ± 3.21 years) and 50 normotensive pregnant women as controls (30.68 ± 2.85 years) were participated in this study. Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from all participants in K3 EDTA containers. platelets parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) were determined using Mindray BC 3000 Automated Hematology Analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS computer program (version 22). Results: The study results showed that the thrombocytopenia account for 56 %, all cases with low PCT (100%). Furthermore the means of PLTs count, PCT and PDW in cases were (144.40 ± 31.80 × 109/L, 0.13 ± 0.03 % and 15.80 ± 0.45 fl respectively) versus controls (269.40 ± 72.50 × 109/L, 0.22 ± 0.05 % and 15.50 ± 0.29 fl respectively), giving statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000, 0.003 and 0.022 respectively). The mean of PCT of mild cases was lower than severe cases (P value = 0.004); but there were no significant differences in PLTs count, MPV and PDW (P value = 0.379, 0.283 and 0.075 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that platelet count (PLTs count) and plateletcrit (PCT) were significantly decreased in pregnant women with preeclampsia especially; so platelets parameters especially (PLTs count and PCT) should be included for assessing and predication of the risk of severe preeclampsia.

Ischemic Stroke and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation at El-Mak Nimer Hospital, Shendi, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2026-06-24T00:00:00Z

Title: Ischemic Stroke and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation at El-Mak Nimer Hospital, Shendi, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study Authors: Imam Awadelkareim Imam, Motwakil; Mojahed Babker Mohamed Saeid; Samah Alameen G Wageealah; Fatima Elamin A Elhaj; Azahir Yousif M Mansur; Tasneem Elteyeb Hadaby Elameen; and Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf Abstract: Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and is considered an important risk factor for Ischemic Stroke, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and poor clinical outcomes. Early detection of AF in stroke patients may significantly improve prevention strategies and clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and to assess associated clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and anticoagulant use. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at El-Mak Nimer Hospital from June 6, 2022, to December 6, 2022. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, medical records review, and electrocardiographic findings. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: Among the 100 ischemic stroke patients, 27% had atrial fibrillation, including 14% previously diagnosed cases and 13% newly detected cases. AF was more common among females (74.0%) than males (26.0%). The prevalence increased significantly with age, with 59.0% of AF cases occurring in patients older than 75 years. Major associated comorbidities included hypertension (44%), diabetes mellitus (55%), coronary heart disease (62%), and hypercholesterolemia (62%). Most AF patients were receiving anticoagulant therapy, with 64.3% using novel oral anticoagulants and 35.7% using warfarin. Conclusion: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among ischemic stroke patients was relatively high. Advanced age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular comorbidities were strongly associated with AF. Routine screening for AF among stroke patients is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of recurrent stroke.