Ischemic Stroke and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation at El-Mak Nimer Hospital, Shendi, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and is considered an important risk factor for Ischemic Stroke, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and poor clinical outcomes. Early detection of AF in stroke patients may significantly improve prevention strategies and clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and to assess associated clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and anticoagulant use. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at El-Mak Nimer Hospital from June 6, 2022, to December 6, 2022. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, medical records review, and electrocardiographic findings. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: Among the 100 ischemic stroke patients, 27% had atrial fibrillation, including 14% previously diagnosed cases and 13% newly detected cases. AF was more common among females (74.0%) than males (26.0%). The prevalence increased significantly with age, with 59.0% of AF cases occurring in patients older than 75 years. Major associated comorbidities included hypertension (44%), diabetes mellitus (55%), coronary heart disease (62%), and hypercholesterolemia (62%). Most AF patients were receiving anticoagulant therapy, with 64.3% using novel oral anticoagulants and 35.7% using warfarin. Conclusion: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among ischemic stroke patients was relatively high. Advanced age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular comorbidities were strongly associated with AF. Routine screening for AF among stroke patients is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of recurrent stroke.