Molecular Diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients in Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK) – Sudan

Abstract

Abstract

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common among female comprises about (18%) of all female cancers, with (1.7) million new cases in the world each year. Recently some studies reported that approximately (18%) of cancer cases can be linked to infectious agents including viruses particularly Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate whether human papilloma virus is among the associated agents causing of human breast cancer (BC) in Sudan and which genotype of HPV is implicated as well as the risk factors associated with HPV in breast cancer by using PCR as diagnostic tools for HPV in breast tissues. Materials and methods: One hundred forty three females diagnosed with histopathological examinations to have breast cancer (n=100 patients) or breast inflammatory conditions (n=43patients) were employed in this study. Tissue sample of (10) µm was taken from the pathological tissues of each patient. The samples were subjected to a PCR protocol to determine whether the patient is infected with HPV or not. HPV infected samples were further subjected to anther PCR protocol to identify the genotypes of HPV. The risk factors associated with breast cancer were taken from patient’s records. The data were subjected to analytical and descriptive statistical analysis.

Results & Discussion: Out of the cases screened for breast pathology, 41(29%) patients were found to have, invasive ductal carcinoma, 21(15%) invasive lobular carcinoma, 12(8%) invasive micropapillary carcinoma, 26(18%) medullary carcinoma and 43(30%) have inflammatory breast conditions. In this study, the presence of HPV in biopsies from the breast (malignant and breast inflammatory conditions) was investigated. HPV was detected from (4) different types of breast cancer in those biopsies. These were, invasive ductal carcinoma, 23(16.1); invasive lobular carcinoma, 14(9.8%); invasive micropapillary 9(6.3%) and medullary carcinoma, 11(7.7%). Control breast inflammatory conditions were positive only for 10 (7%) HPV. A strong relationship was established between HPV infection and breast cancer types as using breast inflammatory conditions as control group (P = 0.00022). As regards the association of HPV with the different types of breast cancer, there was a significant relationship between HPV and invasive ductal carcinoma when compared with breast inflammatory conditions (P = 0.00022). Another significant relationship was found between HPV and invasive lobular carcinoma with respect to breast inflammatory conditions (P = 0.000016). A third significant association between HPV was also found between invasive micropapillary carcinoma and breast inflammatory conditions (P = 0.000095). No significant relationship was seen between HPV in medullary carcinoma and breast inflammatory conditions (P = 0.098). Genotyping of HPV infected breast cancer specimen was performed. Out of the (143) specimens (breast cancer and breast inflammatory conditions) the following genotypes were determined and mentioned in a descending order. 22(33%) of the

HPVs were of the genotype 16, 21(31%) genotype 18=14(21%) genotype 33=14(21%) and 10(15%) genotype (31). Significant relationship between breast cancer types and other risk factor such as, age (P=0.0012), breast feeding (P= 0.0430), stage of BC and practicing of exercises (P = 0.0024), duration of illness (P=0.0285), family history (P=0.0432) finally strong significant relation between breast inflammatory conditions and any type of breast cancer was founded (P =0.0000).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study provide strong association between HPV and BC in Sudan.