Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health burden. Although urolithiasis contributes to a small proportion of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, delayed diagnosis and limited access to urological ...

Introduction: Appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain and a prevalent reason for emergency surgery. Laparoscopic appendectomy is the method of choice, owing to its many advantages, less invasiveness, faster ...